Founding Era: it includes the antiquities of the first and second Dynasties, such as the Narmer Pray, the KhaSekhemwy statue, and many utensils and tools.
Old Kingdom Era: it includes a group of antiquities, the most important of which are the statues of Djoser who built the Step Pyramid at Sakkara, Chephren who built the second pyramid of the three Great Pyramids of Giza Plateau, and Mykerinus who built the third one, in addition, Bey I and his son Meri-An-Ra, many coffins, statues of individuals, murals, and the collection of Queen Hetepheres.
Middle Kingdom Era: this group includes many antiquities, the most important of which is the statue of King Mentuhotep II, a group of statues of some Kings of the 12th Dynasty, such as Senusret I, Amenemhat III, and others, and many statues of individuals, coffins, ornaments, and tools of daily life.
The Era of the New Kingdom: it is the most famous group of artifacts at the museum, including the collection of the young pharaoh Tutankhamun, the statues of Queen Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, and Ramses II, in addition to the war wheels, papyri, ornaments, King Akhenaten collection, the painting of Israel, the statues of Amenhotep III and his wife Tiye, a group of amulets, writing tools and agriculture, the collection of the Royal Mummies that display in its own hall, which opened in 1994.
Late Eras: the group includes a variety of antiquities, including the treasures of Tanis, which represent some antiquities made of gold, silver, and precious stones, which were found in the tombs of some kings and queens of the 21st and 22nd Dynasties in San El-Hajar. This is in addition to some important statues such as the statue of Amon Ra, Montumhat, the statue of the goddess Taweret, the decree of Canopus, the Bankhi painting, and a group of Nubian antiquities, some of which were transferred to the Nubia Museum in Aswan.
In 1983, the museum building was registered as an archeological building, considering it a unique architectural value. In August 2006, the museum`s largest development was undertaken with the aim of making it a scientific and cultural destination, by constructing a cultural center and commercial administrative annex on the west side of the museum.
On April 4, 2021, the Egyptian Museum witnessed the procession of the Royal Mummies, where 22 royal mummies (18 kings and four queens) were transferred from the Egyptian Museum to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, where the mummies will be displayed in newer boxes to control heat and humidity compared to the Egyptian Museum