What are the pyramids of Giza and when were they established?

The pyramids in their origin are royal tombs. Kings are placed after their death and embalming inside the pyramid with all the basic materials of food, drink and gold, as the ancient Egyptians believed in life after death. The pyramids of Giza date back to more than 25 centuries BC. The ancient Pharaohs built them for the purpose of immortalizing.

The pyramid was at first a small pit under the ground and then a small room, and after that, a large number of underground rooms take the shape of the pyramid from the outside, and perhaps the credit for developing the structural architecture of the pyramids was the engineer Imhotep, the minister of King Djoser in the third dynasty, where he founded the Step Pyramid in Sakkara.

Perhaps what most astonishes archaeologists in the modern era is that the ancient Egyptians succeeded in building the pyramids without relying on machines or equipment, but rather their forearms and their minds only as stones were cut and water was placed on them because whenever the stones drink water, their size increased, just as the pyramids' stones were polished using stones Stronger like granite or diorite. That is why the construction of the Great Pyramid and its unity took only about twenty years, and it took about ten years to build the corridors and the lower and ground parts of the pyramid, according to the Greek historian Herodotus. The Great Pyramid weighs six million five hundred thousand tons, to be made of stones each weighing about 12 tons and The three pyramids of Giza are the most famous and widely circulated, but in fact there are 80 pyramids that were recently discovered in ancient Egypt

The Great Pyramid of King Cheops: It is believed that the pyramid of Khufu or Cheops was built between the years (2580-2560 BC) for King Khufu, who is considered the second king of the Fourth Dynasty. In order for it to be his tomb, as the pyramid is distinguished by its interior design that reflects the cultural and religious complexity of the ancient Egyptians, in addition to their secrets, as the length of its base reaches 229.82 m, and its height is 146.73 m, noting that the number of stones that were used in the construction It reached more than 2,3 million stones, whose weights ranged between (2,500-15,000 kg), and it should be noted that the pyramid is surrounded by three smaller pyramids that belong to the wives of King Khufu, in addition to two temples, a small terrace of tombs, and others

 The Pyramid of King Chephren: King Chephren is one of the younger sons of Pharaoh Khufu, who lived and gained fame during the 26th century BC, and he was the fourth king of the Fourth Dynasty that ruled Egypt during the period between (2575-2465 BC), he built the second pyramid of Giza Pyramids and Its height is 142.7 m, and the side measures 214.5 m

 The Valley Temple: It is a temple built of granite stones next to the pyramid of Chephren, where a bridge extends between it and the pyramid, and inside it, there are several statues of King Chephren or Khafre and the god of Horus

 The Great Sphinx: It was built by King Chephren and it was is one of the largest statues in the world, with a length of 20 meters, and a width of 73 meters, and it is distinguished by the body of a lion and the head of a human being, and its head is decorated with the royal headdress.

The Pyramid of King Mykerinus: The pyramid of Mykerinus is the smallest of the three pyramids in Giza, and it was built to serve as the tomb of the Egyptian family from the Fourth Dynasty, It is 61 meters high with a base of 108.5 meters, and was constructed of limestone and the granite that was brought from the quarries of Aswan