Memphis is located 20 km south of Cairo, on the west bank of the Nile. Cities and towns extend from Mit Rahina, Dahshur, and Abu Sir in the south of modern Cairo, all of which lie within the administrative boundaries of historic Memphis, and the city's location is also a sign of the border between Upper and Lower Egypt.

The ancient Egyptian city of Memphis was the capital of Egypt in the times of the Old Kingdom, and has remained an important city throughout history across the ancient Mediterranean. It was characterized by its strategic location at the mouth of the Nile Delta, and was home to frenetic activity as the main port of “Peru-Nefer”, which includes a high density of workshops, factories, and warehouses that distribute foodstuffs and goods throughout the Old Kingdom. During its golden age, Memphis flourished as a regional center of trade, parents .

Memphis was believed that Memphis was under the protection of the god Ptah, patron of artisans, from the Great Temple, and it was one of the most outstanding structures in the city. This temple was issued in the Greek era. The history of Memphis is closely related to the country itself, and it is believed that the reason for its downfall is due to the loss of its economic importance in late antiquity, especially after the rise in the importance of coastal Alexandria, and its religious importance also diminished after the abandonment of the ancient religion.